'Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination\r'

'ARA S TIRM A / ORIGINAL ARTICL E Gulhane T? p Derg 2011; 53: 17-25 © Gulhane Askeri T? p Akademisi 2011 investigating of the oftenness of testicular egotism interrogatory deed in childlike large(p) antherals Er screw Gocgeldi (*), Necmettin Kocak (**), Serdar Ulus (**), Cenk Yeginer (**), Seref Basal (***) SUMMARY Testicular tumors argon the second most frequently sight malignity afterward leukemia in the bestride concourse of 20-35 in men. The rate of a 5-year survey is 99. 9% with betimes diagnosing. ken of the individuals and playing a testicular self-importance interrogation by themselves ar weighty in the untimely diagnosis.Our aim in this cross-sectional atomic number 18na was to de destinationine the perfor piece of musicce frequency of testicular self enquiry and the factors affecting this among young adults. Of all the participants, 23. 3%, 6. 8% and 4. 7% decl ard that they had compreh remove approximately testicular genus Cancer and acti ve testicular self interrogative sentence, and that they had performed testicular self interrogative sentence at to the lowest degree formerly in their life, respectively. The rates of hearing closely and performing testicular self query were found low in the consecrate read, however these rates were higher among those who had comprehend of testicular genus Cancer from population.Well think campaigns and educational organizations whitethorn be conducted in the country-wide in order to increase the assuredness near testicular cancer and the frequency of testicular self examination. Key words: Soldier, testicular cancer, testicular self-examination, young adult man OZET Genc eluckin erkeklerde kendi kendine lump muayenesi yapma s? kl? g? n? n arast? r? lmas? fruitcake tumorleri 20-35 yas grubu erkeklerde losemiden sonra en s? k rastlanan 2. malignitedir. Erken tan? ile 5 y? ll? k yasam oran? %99. 9’dur. Bireylerin fark? ndal? g? ve kendi kendilerine testicle mua yenesi yapmalar? erken tan? icin peerlessmlidir.Bu kesitsel cal? smadaki amac? m? z, genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendisine addict muayenesi uygulama duzeyi ve buna etki eden faktorleri saptamakt? r. Kat? l? mc? lar? n %23. 3’u nut kanserini duyduklar? n? , %6. 8’i kendi kendisine chunk muayenesini duyduklar? n? , %4. 7’si hayatlar? boyunca en az bir kez kendi kendisine crank muayenesi yapt? klar? n? belirtmislerdir. Cal? smam? z? n yap? ld? g? populasyonda kendi kendisine ball muayenesini duyma s? kl? g? ve kendi kendisine chunk muayenesi yapma durumlar? dusuk bulunmustur, ancak bu oranlar junky kanserini populasyondan duyanlarda daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur.Testis kanserinin fark? ndal? g? n? n ve kendi kendisine clod muayenesinin s? kl? g? n? n art? r? lmas? icin ulke genelinde iyi planlanm? s kampanyalar ve egitim organizasyonlar? duzenlenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Asker, testis kanseri, kendi kendine testis muayenesi, genc eriskin erkek * subdi vision of Plan and Programming, commandery of Health, Turkish Military Forces ** Department of open Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty *** Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty This area was presented at the 12th National sexual relation of Public Health (Ankara, October 21-25, cc8) Reprint call for: Dr.Ercan Gocgeldi, Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces, Bakanl? klar, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: [email&# one hundred sixty;protected] com Date submitted: July 15, 2010 • Date recognised: November 01, 2010 ledger entry Testicular cancer is one of the wellness problems, frequency of which continuously increases. Testicular tumors are the second most frequent malignancy after leukemia in males at the mount up group of 20-35 (1). The incidence of testicular cancer shows variations amongst countries, races and socio-economic classes. The rate is 6. 7% and 0. in Scandinavian countries and Japan, respectively. I n the ground forces 2-3 innovative cases are reported per 100. 000 males per year (2). The risk of a development of testicular cancer in white males in the ground forces during the firm life is at a level of 0. 2%. The incidence in people of higher socio-economic classes is half of the bring down socio-economic classes (2). Although the reason for testicular cancer is non known exactly, there is knowledge regarding that two congenital as well as some acquired factors are responsible in tumor development. The strongest relationship is with an â€Å"undescended testis”.Approximately 7-10% of testicular cancers develop with cryptorchism history. The cryptorchidism prevalence is 9. 2-30. 0% in unseasonable births and 3. 55. 8% in mature births. cryptorchidy frequency is 0. 8-1. 0% during the introductory suppurate and remains unchanged with a dimension of 0. 7% until puberty (3). Five to 10% of testicular tumors occur on the opponent side, in the normal descended te stis. The highest relative malignancy risk (1 of 20) is met in intra-abdominal testis. Placement of the cryptorchid testis into the scrotum (orchidopexy) reduces the malignancy potential of the cryptorchid testis (2).The frequency of testicular cancer cases met on the ripe(p) side is 52. 3%, on the leave side 47. 7%, and the frequency of universe bilateral is 2-3% (4). In common the patients claver the physician due to a easy single side bulge and softwood in the scrotum. The growth of the testis in ecumenic develops slowly and a touching of testicular pain is experienced. The common accepted opinion is that until the opposite 17 is approved, a obdurate asperity in the testis packs to be deemed as a malign tumor (3). early(a) symptoms are gynecomasty, pigmentation on the scrotum, and pain in the tummy and the groin.Scrotal pain develops at the late halt of the tumor as a outlet of tunica albuginea or epididymis invasion (4). The time between the first discovery of th e lesion in the testis and start of the definite discussion (orchidectomy) is 3-6 months in average. The time of the delay shows a correlation with the incidence of the metastasis. Approximately 10% of the patients are asymptomatic and can be detected upon trauma or by the sexual partner of the patient (3). Testis tumor often mimics epididymitis and epididymorchidis. Ten per penny of testis tumors mimics orchiepididymitis.Their diagnosis can intimately be do with ultrasound and anamnesis. Other diseases to be considered during the diagnosis are spermatocele, traumatic hematocele, granulomatous orchitis, varicocele and epidermoid cysts (3). Testicular cancer can be treated completely when they are detected in early stages. The hazard for a 5-year life is 99. 9% with early diagnosis (5). Among the basic diagnostic methods, ultrasound, transillumination and computed imagination can be mentioned (1,3). Individuals’ awareness and their performing a testicular self examination (TSE) by themselves is meaning(a) regarding an early diagnosis (3).Routine testicular self examination (R-TSE) is an examination performed by the person himself at least(prenominal) once a month and regularly, which is made by exploitation both buy the farms, objet dart holding the testis with one hand and examining the testis on masses during clean or after bathing in front of a mirror (1,6). on with the advantages that R-TSE is easy to learn and to apply, safe, non-invasive, economic, and does not need any special tools and devices, take time. When it is performed regularly each month, it provides that changes are detected early because the testis structure is known.There are some studies examining testicular cancer and TSE execution of instrument frequencies. In these studies, TSE performance frequency varies according to the attributes of the group with which the acquire is realized. The frequencies of hearing some testicular cancer and TSE and performance of TSE in these studies are summarized in Table I. In the resume performed by Ercan et. al. among 867 male university students between the ages of 18-30 years, it is stubborn that 8. 9% of the participants strike comprehend about TSE, and 5. 1% perform TSE (6). In the study performed by Lechner et. l. among 274 students between the ages of 15-19 years, it is determi18 • March 2011 • Gulhane Med J ned that 3. 0% of the participants guide heard about TSE and 2. 0% performed TSE (5). The TSE performance frequency of the participants of the study realized by Khadra et. al. among 202 persons of the ages of 18-50 years who consulted a polyclinic providing first stage health run is determined as 22. 0% (7). In the study performed by Moore et. al. among 203 people who are university students or graduates between the ages of 20-45 years, it is determined that 32. % of the participants have heard about TSE and 22. 0% performed TSE (8). In the study by Rudberg et. al. performed among u niversity students in Sweden, it is determined that many of the students have not heard anything about TSE (9). In the study of Tichler et. al. among 717 soldiers and 200 military physicians in the Israeli army, 2. 0% of the soldiers and 73% of the physicians have verbalize that they have performed TSE (10). In the study of Vaz et. al. among 1364 adolescent males, 28. 0% of the participants stated that they had heard about testicular cancer (11).In this study of Wardle et. al. among 7304 young male adults, it is stated that 13. 0% of the participants have performed TSE (12). In the study by Neef et. al. among 404 male college students, it is stated that 42. 0% of the participants heard about TSE, 22% performed TSE before (13). In the study by Cummings et. al. among 266 university students and male graduates, it is determined that 16. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE (14). In the study of Christine et. al. among 191 young adult males between the ages of 18-35 years, it is stated that 36. % of the participants have performed TSE (15). It is rather important that the male become more aware on testicular cancer, of which the frequency of incurrence has raised during the last years, they learn and apply TSE as an early diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to determine the testicular self examination performance frequency in young adult males. Material and Methods The universe of this study, planned in cross section type, was make up by 5033 persons, who joined the Etimesgut fit out Units knowledge Center Commandership in the recruitment period in November 2007.There is no try on selection made for the study, it is targeted to reach the upstanding universe in a term of one week upon the start of the arriver of the soldiers to the social unit. As some soldiers joined the unit except for working hours and that some jilted to move in the study, not the whole of the universe could be reached, the study was performed with 3645 (72. 4%) pers ons. The info were collected by the researchers exploitation the doubtfulness form, developed by the researchers after a liGocgeldi et al. Table I.Brief findings of studies regarding the performance of a testicular self examination look intoers Research type Age group separate attribute Hearing of Hearing (n) testicular of TSE cancer Ercan et. al. (6) Lechner et. al. (5) Khadra et. al. (7) tag sectional descriptive Descriptive 18-30 15-19 18-50 University students (867) High-school students (274) passel consulting polyclinic providing a first stage health service (202) University students and graduates (203) High-school students (727) virile soldiers (717) Military physicians (200) Vaz et. al. (11) Wardle et. al. (12) Neef et. al. 13) Cummings et. al. (14) Descriptive get well sectional Descriptive Descriptive teen Young adult male (1364) 16486 students College students (404) University students and graduates (266) People living in industry thickening (191) 42% 16% 28% 42 . 9% 26. 0% 91. 0% 8. 9% 3. 0% 28% At least one performance of TSE in life 5. 1% 2. 0% 22% At least once a month performance of TSE Country Turkey Holland England Moore et. al. (8) Rudberg et. al. (9) Tichler et. al. (10) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive 20-45 15-21 90. 6% 11. 3% 32. 0% 5. 6% 22. 0% 11. 5% 2% 73% 5. 06% 1. 2% England Sweden IsraelUSA 13% 22% 8% England USA USA Christine et. al. (15) Descriptive 18-35 36% USA terature hatch. On the drumhead form, there are 7 questions regarding their socio-demographic attributes, 3 questions regarding the stories of the participants regarding cancer and testicular cancer, 10 questions regarding testicular self examination in order to determine their behavior and 15 questions regarding testicular cancer, symptoms and TSE were included into the knowledge test. The pre-test of the question form, prepared by the researchers was made with 20 soldiers of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy.Support Troops Command, failures regardin g the practise and easiness to understand and observed failures regarding data entrance are amended. It was approved by the ethic commission. Groups of 20 persons of the soldiers who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in November 2007 were interviewed, the study and its aim were explained, if they should want to participate (those who orally accepted to) necessary cultivation regarding some definitions in the inquiry (testis, undescended testis, testicular self examination) is provided orally such(prenominal) that Volume 53 • Issue 1 he participants can understand these and provided that they resolve the questions under observation. The recruitment age in Turkey is 20 and those, who are not hindered join the Armed Forces in general at the age of 21 years. solely only at a flyspeck part the recruitment age is later due to several reasons. Thus, in general male perform their military services at the age of 20-21. For that, the ages are group as 20-21, 2224, 25 years and above.The occupational information of the participants is obtained as open end and afterwards a grouping regarding creation or not-being related to healthcare is performed. The demographic distribution of the participants is grouped by the regionalization system of rules of five of the Turkish Statistic Institute by respecting their provinces of birth. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10. 0 package statistic software. The descriptive statistics were given over as frequencies and percent.The TSE performance frequencies and completeness of some sociodemographic with descriptive attributes, the completeness of giving correct answers to each question of the knowledge test with the TSE performance freTesticular self examination • 19 quency, of which it was thought that they may have an effect on this, was compared with the chi-square, and the resemblance of the average of the participants giving correct answers at the knowledge test accordin g to their socio-demographic and descriptive attributes was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. A p nourish of\r\n'